What are the types of underground pipelines in urban municipal facilities

At present, the pace of urban development and construction is constantly accelerating, but the large-scale and complex underground pipeline construction and management generally lag behind the overall level of urban construction. Some cities have successively experienced incidents such as heavy rain-induced flooding, pipeline leakage and explosion, and ground collapse, which have seriously affected the safety of people's lives and property as well as the urban operation order. 

In order to better understand the prevention knowledge of ground collapses, it is also necessary for us to learn about underground pipelines. Now, I will introduce some relevant knowledge about underground pipelines to you: 

What is the urban underground pipeline project? 

Underground pipeline engineering refers to various pipelines laid underground and related projects such as civil defense and subway. It includes: urban water supply, drainage (rainwater and sewage), gas (coal gas, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas), heat supply, electricity, telecommunications, radio and television, and cable pipelines. Underground air-raid shelters, underground railways and other transportation corridors, as well as other specialized pipelines for transporting and discharging various industrial production materials that penetrate public roads. Underground pipelines are an important part of urban infrastructure and are the foundation for the survival and development of cities. 

How many types of underground pipelines are there in the city? 

(Water supply pipelines): These include domestic water pipelines, fire protection water pipelines, and industrial water supply and distribution pipelines, etc. The main materials used for these pipelines are cast iron pipes, steel pipes, reinforced concrete pipes, and plastic pipes, etc. 

(2) Drainage Pipelines: These include rainwater pipelines, sewage pipelines, combined rain and sewage pipelines, industrial wastewater pipelines, and various other types of pipelines. In special areas, there are also open channels and cover plates for connection with the engineering projects. According to their materials, they mainly consist of reinforced concrete pipes, concrete pipes, cast iron pipes, asbestos cement pipes, brick and stone channels, etc. Besides the prefabricated circular pipes, there are also non-circular channels constructed on-site, such as square channels and arched channels. 

(3) Gas pipelines: These include gas pipelines, natural gas pipelines, liquefied petroleum gas pipelines, and other distribution pipelines for gas. Currently, most gas pipelines are made of steel pipes, mainly including seamless steel pipes and welded steel pipes. 

(4) Thermal pipelines: These include hot water pipelines and hot air pipelines, etc. For underground thermal pipelines, the laying methods are trenching and direct burial, and there is a protective layer on top. 

(5) Power pipelines: These include power cables for power transmission and distribution, lighting cables, street lamps, and other such cables. The laying methods for these include direct burial (or in conduits), pipe blocks, and trenching. 

(6) Telecommunication pipelines: These include telephone conduits, broadcasting pipelines, optical cable pipelines, television pipelines, and various other professional communication facilities' pipelines. Their laying methods are similar to those of power cables. 

(7) Industrial Pipelines: These include pipelines for heavy oil, diesel, industrial waste residue, and waste ash. For a city, the importance of underground engineering is no less than that of surface engineering. The appearance on the surface is the "face" of the city, while the underground pipelines represent the "essence" of the city - its conscience. Only by strengthening the "essence" of the city's underground network can the "face" of the city be supported.