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What are the causes of steel fracture


There are thousands of different types of steel used in various industries. Each type of steel has a unique product name due to its different properties, chemical composition, or alloy type and content. Although the fracture toughness value greatly facilitates the selection of each type of steel, these parameters are difficult to apply to all steels. 

The main reasons are as follows:

First, during the smelting process of steel, a certain amount of one or more alloying elements needs to be added. After the steel is formed, a simple heat treatment can be carried out to obtain different microstructures, thereby changing the original properties of the steel. 

Secondly, due to the defects generated during the steelmaking and pouring processes, especially concentrated defects (such as gas pores, inclusions, etc.), they are extremely sensitive during the rolling process. Moreover, they can change differently between different furnace runs of the same chemical composition steel, or even in different parts of the same billet. This affects the quality of the steel. Since the toughness of steel mainly depends on the microstructure and the dispersion degree of defects (strictly preventing concentrated defects), rather than the chemical composition, the toughness will change significantly after heat treatment. To deeply explore the performance of steel and the reasons for its fracture, it is necessary to master physical metallurgy and the relationship between microstructure and the toughness of steel.


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