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Which factors can cause stainless steel pitting corrosion
Pitting corrosion, also known as pitting, is one of the destructive and potentially hazardous forms of corrosion. It causes small holes on the surface of stainless steel, with small diameters. The surface of the holes is often covered with corrosion products, and the corrosion then progresses deeper into the stainless steel. In severe cases, it can lead to perforation of the stainless steel.
The factors causing stainless steel pitting corrosion
The occurrence of pitting corrosion is likely due to the presence of chloride ions that react with the depolarizer. Pitting corrosion of stainless steel and other passive metals often results from the local damage to the passive film by certain corrosive anions. Protecting a highly corrosion-resistant passive state usually requires an oxidizing environment, but this is precisely the condition for the occurrence of pitting corrosion. The medium causing pitting corrosion contains heavy metal ions such as Fe3+, Cu2+, Hg2+ in solutions of CI-, Br-, I-, C104-, or chloride solutions containing H2O2, O2, etc., and Na+, Ca2+, alkaline earth metal ions.
The rate of pitting corrosion increases with temperature. For example, in a 4% to 10% sodium chloride solution, the weight loss caused by pitting corrosion reaches a large value at 90℃; for more dilute solutions, the maximum value occurs at a higher temperature.
Methods to prevent stainless steel pitting corrosion
1. Increase the pH value. Compared with neutral or acidic chloride solutions, solutions with a significantly higher alkalinity cause less pitting corrosion, or no pitting corrosion at all (hydroxide ions act as an anti-corrosion agent).
2. Ensure the uniformity of oxygen or oxidizing solutions, stir the solution and avoid the solution being static.
3. Use cathodic protection. There is evidence that stainless steel, when electrochemically protected in contact with low-carbon steel, aluminum or zinc, will not cause pitting corrosion in seawater.
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