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What are the common polishing methods for stainless steel?
Ultrasonic polishing
Place the workpiece into the abrasive suspension and together with it in the ultrasonic field. By relying on the oscillating effect of the ultrasonic waves, the abrasive will perform grinding and polishing on the surface of the workpiece.
Ultrasonic processing has a small macroscopic force and does not cause deformation of the workpiece, but the fabrication and installation of the tooling are more difficult. Ultrasonic processing can be combined with chemical or electrochemical methods. Based on solution corrosion and electrolysis, ultrasonic vibration is applied to stir the solution, allowing the dissolution products on the surface of the workpiece to detach, and the corrosion or electrolyte near the surface to be uniform. The cavitation effect of ultrasonic waves in the liquid can also inhibit the corrosion process and facilitate the brightening of the surface.
Chemical polishing
Chemical polishing is a process where the surface of the material with the more protruding parts dissolves more readily than the concave parts in a chemical medium, resulting in a smooth surface.
The main advantage of this method is that it does not require complex equipment and can polish complex-shaped workpieces. It can also simultaneously polish many workpieces, with high efficiency. The core issue of chemical polishing is the preparation of the polishing solution. The surface roughness obtained by chemical polishing is generally in the range of several tens of micrometers.
Mechanical polishing
Mechanical polishing is a polishing method that achieves a smooth surface by removing the protrusions on the material through cutting and plastic deformation of the surface. Commonly used tools include oilstone strips, wool wheels, sandpapers, etc. It is mainly carried out manually. For special parts such as the surfaces of rotating bodies, auxiliary tools like turntables can be used. For surfaces with high quality requirements, the method of ultra-precision grinding and polishing can be adopted.
Ultra-precision grinding and polishing involves using specially designed grinding tools, which are placed in a grinding fluid containing abrasive particles and pressed onto the surface of the workpiece for high-speed rotation. This technique can achieve a surface roughness of Ra 0.008 μm, which is the highest among various polishing methods. Optical lens molds often employ this method.
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